Kuvugurura ibyapa bya LED byo mu muhanda bitanga inyungu mu by'ukuri — Inyigo y'ibikorwa remezo muri Amerika

Icyapa cy'ibyapa nta muntu n'umwe warebaga

Hari igice cy’umuhanda munini hagati y’intara mu majyepfo ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika aho ubwinshi bw’imodoka burenga 85.000 ku munsi. Mu myaka myinshi, icyapa cyanditseho cyapa cyari gihagaze ahantu hagaragara cyane - cyahinduwe n’intoki buri byumweru bine kugeza kuri bitandatu, kigwa n’izuba n’imvura, kandi bigatanga inyungu ihamye, itegerejwe, kandi mu by’ukuri idashimishije ku isosiyete yamamaza yo hanze yari ifite inyubako.

Ikibazo nticyari aho hantu. Aho hantu hari heza cyane. Ikibazo cyari uburyo bwo kohereza ubutumwa. Icyapa cyamamaza gihagaze mu nzira y’imodoka nyinshi gishobora kugurisha ubutumwa bumwe gusa ku muntu umwe utanga ubutumwa icyarimwe. Ntigishobora gusubiza isaha y’umunsi, umunsi w’icyumweru, cyangwa igihe cy’umwaka. Ntigishobora kuvugururwa iyo umuntu utanga ubutumwa ahinduye poromosiyo mu ijoro rimwe. Kandi rwose ntigishobora guhangana n’ikirere cy’ikoranabuhanga nk’uko abareba imihanda yo muri iki gihe babyiteze.

Icyemezo cyo kuyisimbuza - hamwe n'izindi nyubako cumi n'imwe zitagira umupaka mu nzira imwe hagati ya leta - hamwe na sisitemu yuzuye ya Reiss yo hanze ifite urumuri rwinshi kandi rurerure cyane, ntabwo cyakozwe bitewe n'ubwiza. Cyakozwe bitewe n'ibarura ryoroheje ry'ubucuruzi. Kandi ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byemeza iyo mibare mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'akazi.

Icyo umukozi yari akeneye mu by'ukuri

Mbere y’uko haganirwa ku bisobanuro bya tekiniki, ikiganiro cyatangiranye n’icy’ubucuruzi. Icyo umukoresha yasabaga cyane cyari icyoroshye: kugurisha ibicuruzwa byinshi byamamaza, ku giciro cyo hejuru, ku bamamaza benshi icyarimwe, nta kongera ubwishingizi bw’inyubako cyangwa imikorere mu nzira.

Ibi byahinduwemo ibintu bitatu by’ingenzi mu bya tekiniki bidasubirwaho. Icya mbere, ecran yagombaga kuba ifite urumuri ruhagije kugira ngo isomeke neza - atari ukugaragara gusa, ahubwo isomeka neza kandi igire ingaruka ku bucuruzi - ku muvuduko wo gutwara imodoka mu muhanda, mu bihe byose by’izuba ryinshi rya saa sita mu kirere cyo mu majyepfo aho ubushyuhe bw’impeshyi buhora burenga dogere selisiyusi 38 kandi ubushyuhe bw’urumuri rwo mu kirere bukabije. Icya kabiri, sisitemu yagombaga kuba yizewe bihagije kugira ngo ikore nta nkomyi mu miyoboro y’inyubako cumi n’ebyiri zikwirakwiriye ku muhanda wa kilometero 80, aho gusura ibikorwa byo kubungabunga aho hantu bivuze ikiguzi kinini cyo gukora. Icya gatatu, urubuga rwo gucunga ibikubiye muri iyi porogaramu rwagombaga gushyigikira izunguruka ry’amatangazo menshi, gahunda yikora, no kuvugurura ibikubiye muri iyi porogaramu - ibikorwa remezo by’ubucuruzi bituma umuyoboro w’amatangazo ya elegitoroniki ubasha kwishyura amafaranga.

Ikintu cya kane cyatekerejweho, cyihariye ku bijyanye n’amategeko agenga Amerika, cyagize uruhare mu miterere n’ikoranabuhanga kuva mu ntangiriro. Gushyira ibyapa bya elegitoroniki hanze ku mihanda minini muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigengwa n’Itegeko ryo Kunoza Imihanda n’amabwiriza ya Minisiteri y’Ubwikorezi ku rwego rwa leta agenga imipaka y’urumuri, inshuro zihinduka ku bikubiye mu bipimo, n’imiterere y’imiterere. Sisitemu iyo ari yo yose idashobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo ikore muri ibi bipimo by’amategeko ntabwo yari amahitamo meza nubwo yaba ari mu mikorere ya tekiniki.

Impamvu P10 kuri 10.000 Nits

Uburyo bwo gupima pixel n'uburyo urumuri rugaragara mu gukoresha ibyapa byo ku muhanda bishingira ku buhanga, ntabwo ari ugukunda ibintu.

Ku muvuduko wo gutwara imodoka mu muhanda uri hagati ya kilometero 65 na 75 ku isaha, idirishya ry’umushoferi rireba neza icyapa cyo ku muhanda - igihe cyo kwerekana kiri mu murongo usomeka - ni hagati y’amasegonda 5 na 7. Muri iryo dirishya, ibirimo bigomba kwandikwa ako kanya, bigatanga ubutumwa bwabyo neza, kandi bigasiga ishusho yo kwibuka ikomeye bihagije kugira ngo bitume uwamamaza asubiza. Iyi si aho amashusho yoroheje cyangwa ibisobanuro birambuye by’imyandikire bikora. Ni aho urumuri, itandukaniro, n’uburyo bworoshye bwo kureba bugena niba ubutumwa bugwa cyangwa bugashira mu rusaku rw’ahantu ho ku muhanda.

Ibara rya P10 pixel ritanga ubushobozi bukwiye ku ntera yo kureba - ubusanzwe riri hagati ya metero 50 na 150 uvuye ku isura y'ishusho kugeza aho umureba ari mu muhanda. Kuri izi ntera, P10 itanga ishusho nziza kandi isobanutse neza ku ngano z'inyandiko, imiterere y'ikirango, n'amashusho akoreshwa mu kwamamaza ku muhanda. Kujya ku ibara rya pixel nziza muri iyi porogaramu byakongera ikiguzi n'ingorane bitagize icyo bitanga ku mureba ugenda ku muvuduko w'umuhanda.

Imiterere y'urumuri rwa niti zigera ku 10.000 yatoranijwe hashingiwe ku makuru yapimwe y'ubukana bw'urumuri rwo mu kirere yavuye mu nzira yo gushyiraho. Imiterere y'ikirere yo mu majyepfo y'intara mu gihe cy'izuba ryinshi ni imwe mu miterere y'urumuri rwo hanze rukenewe cyane aho ruhurira hose. Iyo rugera ku niti 10.000, ecran ya Reiss igumana ubushobozi bwo gusoma neza no gusiga amabara muri ubu buryo nta kurobanura. Sisitemu yo kugenzura urumuri yikora igabanya buhoro buhoro urumuri mu masaha ya nimugoroba no mu ijoro - ikagabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'urumuri ruto mu gihe ikomeza kugendera ku bipimo byo kubona neza bikwiranye na buri gihe cy'umunsi.

Uburyo bwo kugenzura — Kubaka umuyoboro w’amatangazo ya elegitoroniki akurikije amategeko

Gukoresha ibyapa bya elegitoroniki ku mihanda minini ya Amerika bisaba gukora mu buryo bukurikije amategeko abatanga ecran za LED mpuzamahanga basuzugura. Amategeko ya leta ya DOT muri leta nyinshi za Amerika ashyiraho imipaka yihariye y'urumuri ku byapa bya elegitoroniki - ubusanzwe bigaragazwa nk'urwego ntarengwa rw'urumuri rupimirwa ku ntera yagenwe uvuye ku isura y'ecran - kandi asaba ko urugero rw'urumuri rugenzurwa mu buryo bwikora kugira ngo rugume muri iyo mipaka mu bihe byose by'imikorere.

Amabwiriza agenga ihinduka ry’ibikubiye ku rubuga na yo arasobanutse neza. Intara nyinshi zemera ko ibikubiye ku rubuga bitagomba guhinduka inshuro zirenze imwe mu masegonda 6 kugeza kuri 8 ku byapa bya digitale hagati ya leta, hagasabwa impinduka zihuse (gukata cyane) aho kuba impinduka zijyanye n’amashusho mu turere twinshi. Intara zimwe na zimwe zishyiraho andi mabwiriza ku ikoreshwa rya animasiyo, amashusho, n’amashusho yuzuye ku byapa byamamaza ku muhanda.

Sisitemu ya Reiss yo hanze ya LED yashyizweho kuva mu ntangiriro kugira ngo ikore mu buryo bukurikije amahame agenga urumuri rwa DOT, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura urumuri yikora yashyizweho kugira ngo igere ku mubare ntarengwa w’umusaruro ugera ku mubare ntarengwa w’abashinzwe kugenzura igihe cyose. Urubuga rwo gucunga ibikubiye mu imurikagurisha rwashyizweho kugira ngo rushyire mu bikorwa igihe ntarengwa cyo kwerekana amasegonda 8 kuri buri mwanya w’umumamaza hamwe n’uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu busabwa n’amategeko ya leta akoreshwa kuri iyi nzira — kugira ngo umuyoboro w’umukoresha ukomeze kubahiriza byuzuye mu nzego zose cumi n’ebyiri nta gukenera kugenzura cyangwa kugira uruhare mu buryo bw’intoki.

Ubu bushobozi bwo kubahiriza amategeko - ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho sisitemu kugira ngo ikore mu buryo bwihariye bwemewe n'amategeko y'aho ikorera - bwari ikintu cy'ingenzi mu cyemezo cy'umukozi wo guhitamo Reiss kuri uyu mushinga.

Gushyiramo ibintu hirya no hino mu muhanda wa kilometero 80 ukwirakwira

Gushyira inyubako cumi n'ebyiri za LED ku muhanda wa kilometero 80 hagati y'intara bitera imbogamizi mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho kurusha uko byakorwaga ahantu hamwe. Inyubako ziratandukanye mu miterere y'ubutaka, uburyo bwo kuzigeraho buratandukanye, kandi kugabanya ihungabana ry'imodoka mu gihe cyo gushyiraho inyubako zo ku muhanda ni itegeko ry'umutekano n'amategeko muri leta nyinshi za Amerika.

Uburyo bwo gushyiraho Reiss muri uyu mushinga bwakoresheje ibice by’akabati byakozwe mbere byakozwe kandi bigapimwa mu kigo cy’umukozi mbere yo kujyanwa kuri buri kibanza kugira ngo bishyirweho inyubako ya nyuma. Ubu buryo bwagabanyije igihe cyo gushyiraho aho hantu kuri buri nyubako kikagera munsi y’umunsi umwe w’akazi, bigabanya ibyago byo kugaragara ku muhanda n’ibisabwa mu gucunga imodoka muri buri gace.

Buri cyapa cyamamaza cyahujwe n'urubuga rwo gucunga ibikubiye mu makuru binyuze mu guhuza umuyoboro wa telefoni, bikuraho ko hakenewe ibikorwa remezo by'amakuru byihariye hirya no hino mu muhanda, kandi bigatuma habaho gucunga neza ibikubiye mu makuru, gahunda, no gusuzuma amakuru bivuye mu biro bikuru by'ikigo cy'ikigo. Sisitemu yo kugenzura amakuru ikoresha ikoranabuhanga itanga imikorere y'igihe nyacyo ku nzego zose cumi na ebyiri, hamwe n'amakuru y'amakosa yikora amenyesha itsinda rishinzwe ibikorwa ako kanya niba hari igice cyangwa igice cya sisitemu gikeneye kwitabwaho.

Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki

Icyahindutse nyuma y'igihembwe cya mbere

Ibisubizo by'ubucuruzi mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'imikorere nyuma y'uko umuyoboro utangiye gukora byari byoroshye. Umukozi yavuye ku icyitegererezo cy'ububiko bw'amakuru butaziguye ajya ku icyitegererezo cy'amakuru menshi azenguruka mu nyubako zose uko ari cumi n'ebyiri. Aho buri nyubako yabonaga inyungu iturutse ku mucuruzi umwe mu byumweru bine kugeza kuri bitandatu, sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga yatumye habaho icyuho cy'amakuru atandatu kugeza ku munani kuri buri nyubako ku izunguruka - hamwe n'igiciro cy'amakuru kigaragaza uburyo bwiza bwo kugaragara no kwihuta kw'imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga.

Amafaranga yinjira kuri buri rwego yiyongereyeho arenga 300% mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’imikorere y’ikoranabuhanga ugereranije n’igihe kingana n’icyo mu mwaka ushize muri sisitemu idahindagurika. Ubusabe bw’abamamaza bwo kubika ibicuruzwa ku muhanda bwariyongereye cyane nyuma y’impinduka - bitewe n’ubushobozi bwo gutanga ibikorwa byo kwamamaza mu gihe gito, gahunda yihariye y’igihe cy’umunsi, hamwe n’amavugurura yihuse y’ubuhanga imiterere idahindagurika idashobora gutanga.

Ikiguzi cy'imikorere kuri buri rwego cyaragabanutse. Gucunga ibikubiye mu bubiko byakureho ikiguzi cyahoraga gikoreshwa mu guhanga udushya no gushyiraho intoki kuri buri gihembwe cy'umucuruzi. Ibisabwa mu kubungabunga mu mwaka wa mbere w'imikorere byari bike, aho sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoresheje ikoranabuhanga yagendaga imenya kandi igakemura ibibazo bito by'imikorere mbere yuko bisaba ubufasha ku rubuga.

Icyo uyu mushinga werekana ku isoko rya LED rya Highway LED muri Amerika

Isoko rya Amerika ryo kwamamaza hanze riri hagati mu mpinduka z’imiterere kuva ku buryo butaziguye kugera ku buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga zimaze imyaka icumi kandi nta kimenyetso na kimwe kigaragaza ko rigiye kugabanuka. Imitekerereze y’ubucuruzi irakomeye cyane ku buryo abakora ibicuruzwa batabasha kwirengagiza - kandi ikoranabuhanga ryarakuze ku buryo ubwizerwe, ubushobozi bwo kubahiriza amategeko, n’ikiguzi cyose cyo gutunga sisitemu ya LED yabigenewe bituma ishoramari ryoroha ku mukozi wese ufite ububiko bw’ibikoresho byinshi.

Icyo uyu mushinga ugaragaza by’umwihariko ni uko impinduka zitanga inyungu nini mu bucuruzi iyo ibisobanuro bya tekiniki bihuye neza n’aho ibikorwa bibera. Umucyo, uburebure bw’amashusho, ubushobozi bwo kubahiriza amategeko, n’ibikorwa remezo byo gucunga kure si ibintu by’ingenzi mu gushyiraho ibyapa byo mu muhanda. Ni byo shingiro ry’icyitegererezo cy’ubucuruzi. Kubihindura neza kuva mu ntangiriro bigena niba ishoramari rikora neza.

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa — Ibyerekanwa bya LED bya US Highway

Ni uruhe rugero rw'urumuri rukenewe kugira ngo icyapa cya LED cyo hanze kigaragare ku muhanda munini wo muri Amerika ku zuba ryinshi?
Nibura niti 7.500 niti nizo zisabwa ku mihanda yo mu majyepfo ya Amerika ifite urumuri rwinshi rwo mu kirere. Amatara ya LED yo hanze ya Reiss araboneka afite urumuri rugera kuri niti 10.000, hamwe n'uburyo bwo kugenzura urumuri bwikora bupima urumuri rugera ku mipaka yemewe mu gihe cy'urumuri ruto.

Ni ayahe mategeko ya Amerika akurikizwa ku gushyiraho ibyapa bya elegitoroniki ku mihanda minini hagati ya leta?
Ibyapa bya elegitoroniki ku bibuga bya Amerika bigengwa n'Itegeko ryo Kunoza Imihanda mu rwego rwa leta, ndetse n'amategeko ya Minisiteri y'Ubwikorezi ya leta ku giti cyayo agenga imipaka y'urumuri, igihe ntarengwa cyo kwerekana ibirimo, ubwoko bw'impinduka, n'amabwiriza agenga animasiyo. Sisitemu za Reiss zishobora gushyirwaho kugira ngo zihuze n'amategeko yihariye agenga urwego urwo arirwo rwose rwa leta ya Amerika.

Ni iyihe pikseli ikwiye ku ibara rya LED rya parikingi yo ku muhanda?
Ku bijyanye n'ikoreshwa ry'ibyapa byo mu muhanda usanzwe ku ntera iri hagati ya metero 50 na 150, P8 na P10 ni bwo buryo bukwiye bwo kureba pixel. P10 ni yo genamiterere ryagenwe cyane ku byapa binini hagati ya leta, ritanga igisubizo gikwiye ku bijyanye no kureba umuhanda ku giciro cyiza no gukoresha neza ingufu.

Ni gute ibikubiye mu nyandiko bicungwa mu buryo butandukanye mu miyoboro y'ibyapa?
Sisitemu za Reiss zo hanze za LED zihuza n'urubuga rwo gucunga ibikubiye mu buryo buhuriweho binyuze mu guhuza umuyoboro wa telefoni zigendanwa cyangwa umuyoboro wa interineti. Abakoresha bashobora gukora gahunda, kuvugurura, no kuzungurutsa ibikubiye mu buryo butandukanye mu buryo bwose mu muyoboro icyarimwe uhereye ku buryo bumwe, hamwe n'imicungire yuzuye y'umwanya w'abamamaza, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora gahunda, no gukurikirana imikorere mu gihe nyacyo.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kubungabunga icyapa cya LED cy’umuhanda munini gikenewe?
Utubati twa LED two hanze twa Reiss twagenewe gusana ibintu bike cyane, hamwe n’uburyo bwo kubigenzura imbere no kubisuzuma kure. Mu bihe bisanzwe byo gukora, gusana ahantu hateganyijwe ntibisaba inshuro zirenze imwe cyangwa ebyiri mu mwaka, aho sisitemu yo kugenzura kure ikora imicungire y’imikorere ya buri munsi no kumenya amakosa.